Electromagnetism and Basic Electonics

 





A. ELECTRO MAGNETISM 

1. Electrostatics

Quantisation of charge and Millikan's oil-drop experiment, Coulomb's law, intensity and potential --- example of point charge, Gauss' theorem --- simple applications, potential and field due to an electric dipole, mechanical force on the surface of a charged conductor. Dielectric medium, polarization, electric displacement.

2. Capacitor

 Parallel-plates and cylindrical, energy stored in parallel plate capacitor.

3. Steady Current

Network analysis --- Kirchoff's laws, Thevnin and Norton's theorem, Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer.

4. Thermoelectricity  

Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects, laws of thermoelectricity, thermoelectric curve --- neutral and inversion temperature, thermoelectric power.

5. Magnetic effect of current

Biot and Savart's law, Ampere's circuital law (statement only), magnetic field due to a straight conductor, circular coil, solenoid, endless solenoid, Magnetic field due to a small current loop --- concept of magnetic dipole, Ampere's equivalence theorem.

6. Lorentz force

Force on a moving charge in simultaneous electric and magnetic fields, force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

7. Magnetic materials

Intensity of magnetization, relation between B, H, and M --- illustration in the case of bar magnet, magnetic susceptibility --- dia, para and ferromagnetic materials, statement of Curie's law. Hysteresis in a ferromagnetic material, hysteresis loss.

8. Electromagnetic induction

Self and mutual inductances in simple cases, energy stored in inductance.

9. Varying currents

Growth and decay of currents in L-R circuit; charging and discharging of capacitor in C-R circuit.

10. Alternating current 

Mean and r.m.s. values of current and emf with sinusoidal wave form; LR, CR and series LCR circuits, reactance, impedance, phase-angle, power dissipation in AC circuit --- power factor, vector diagram, resonance in a series LCR circuit, Q-factor, principle of ideal transformer.

B.  BASIC ELECTRONICS 

1. Thermo-ionic emission

classical deduction of Richardson’s equation, characteristic curve of a vacuum diode, space charge, temperature and space charge limited current, Child Langmuir law, Triode and its characteristics curves, parameters from these curves. Triode as an amplifier, graphical analysis with load line. Semiconductors : junction diode, zener diode & their applications.

2. Basic concepts of Transistor

PNP & NPN transistors operation, characteristics curves of a transistor in common emitter and common base mode - current amplification factor, input & output resistance. Transistor as an amplifier (simple Mathematical treatment) in CE mode, d.c and a.c load line, graphical analysis of the amplifier.

3. Feed back in amplifiers

conditions of oscillation, Barkhausen criteria ; Working principle & description of Tuned collector and Hartley oscillators mentioning frequency of oscillation.

4. Logic gates

Logic gates: OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, their circuit realization & truth tables. Boolean algebra, de Morgan’s theorem, flip-flop circuit.

 

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